How to: Update group members and editors

Hayling Island u3a

Each group is linked to a list of members and editors.

Member lists allow everyone in the group to:

  • Send emails to the rest of the group via the web site - email addresses will always be the latest provided by each member
  • See the group in their group lists and in their calendars, making it easier to find out what's going on
  • See contact details for people that have restricted their availability to fellow group members

Group leaders are notified automatically if any of their members are no longer members of HIU3A and those members are automatically removed from emails sent to the group via the web site.

It is therefore important to keep the member list up-to-date.

Continue reading How to: Update group members and editors →

How to: Work with news and articles

Hayling Island u3a

We can add articles and news items to group pages and to u3a pages. Articles and news items are very similar. The main difference is that:

  • News items are useful for a relatively short period of time. For example an announcement of a change of venue for a meeting.
  • Articles have a longer life. For example: the route taken by a walk or a cycle ride; or the results of a group project.

Add a news item or article Continue reading How to: Work with news and articles →

What you need on a ride

Cycling

You need sufficient confidence and experience to ride on the road. We do our best to avoid busy roads, but that's not always possible. If you lack sufficient confidence or experience, get in touch - we might be able to help.

It's not our intention that you should have to invest heavily in equipment, clothing, tools, or spares before joining a ride. You don't need special cycle clothing as long as you are protected from the elements. You do, however, need a serviceable bike. Let us know if you'd like us to check out your bike before a ride.

Spares and tools can come in handy but you will be able to borrow tools from other riders if you need them. We can also help you repair a puncture. It is, however, prudent to bring a suitable spare inner tube with you since there's no guarantee that we can accommodate punctures in every type of tyre.

You should consider bringing the following in case you need them:

  • A map or maps covering the general area of the ride. Even a page taken out of a motoring map can be useful in the very unlikely event you get detached from a ride (it hasn't happened to any of our riders yet).
  • We usually stop for coffee/tea and cake or a light meal during each ride. You should therefore bring some money with you. In any case you should bring some cash and/or cards in case of emergencies.
  • A mobile phone could be very useful, if you have one.
  • Please carry details of an emergency contact with you - in your wallet or purse, for example. We also ask you to store your emergency contacts on this web site.
  • Water is particularly important during hot summer months - you need to be able to take a drink from time to time to avoid dehydration.
  • Some food with plenty of calories can help you replenish energy if you join us on one of our occasional, longer rides.

Guidance for group leaders

Hayling Island u3a

These notes are provided to help Hayling u3a group leaders run their groups. In practice, leading a HIU3A group is not intended to be onerous. Instead we hope you find it a pleasant and rewarding experience.

If you are interested in starting a new group, click/tap here to find out what's involved.

Click/tap any of the following headings to see more information.

Support for running your group

Besides help available from the committee and the groups co-ordinator, you can get help by:

Sharing hosting

Some groups rotate hosting around members who are willing and able to accommodate meetings.

Appointing a deputy

Some groups have found it helpful to appoint a deputy group leader. A deputy is particularly useful if you are ill or away on holiday.

Delegating web site changes

If there's a member of HIU3A willing and able to help you manage your group's pages, you can authorise them to make changes on your behalf by adding them as an editor for your group. They don't have to be a member of your group so you can delegate to a friend, spouse or partner, for example, provided they are a HIU3A member.

There's more information about how to do that here.

If you're stuck, you can ask the Web site editor for help, or to make the change for you.

Learn from other u3as

The u3a Trust publishes details of u3as, their groups and events on its 'Oversights' page. You can use it to explore what other u3as are doing and look to collaborate, or learn what works and what doesn't for a given type of group. That's especially useful if you are considering a new group.

Creating a helpful group page on our web site

Our Group Co-ordinator will create your initial group page. You can then update it yourself.

Your group page is important because it:

  • Allows members and prospective members of HIU3A to find out about your group and how to get in touch if they'd like to join.
  • Lets prospective members see the breadth of what HIU3A offers and encourages them to join us. It's likely they'll review the group lists so your information will promote HIU3A even if they aren't interested in joining your group.

We've kept your group page as simple as possible. All we ask for is some basic information, a short description for group lists and a more detailed description for the group page.

Guidance about page content

When you update your group page you'll see a form where you can change:

  • The name of your group - you can change it if your group evolves over time.
  • A short description to be used in group lists. Typically a summary of your group's activity and an indication of when you meet. For example: "The cycling group arranges monthly rides of two to three hours' duration. Usually at 10.00am on the first Tuesday of each month."
  • A more detailed description of your group for the group page To get away from form filling, we give you a blank box so you can say as much, or as little, as you like. Consider including:
    • A bit more about the group including when and, if you meet in a public place, where you meet.
    • Some friendly words to encourage people to join.
    • Any constraints on membership, for example "This is not a group for people wishing to start to learn French".
    • Any costs involved.
  • Your group's type. This is shown in your group page and determines how your group appears in group lists and calendars. Typically one of:
    • Any member can attend
    • Open to new members
    • Currently closed to new members
  • Which activity/activities are covered by your group. Your selection drives the 'Groups by activity' page. Let the Group Co-ordinator know if you think the list should be expanded.
  • The maximum number of members you can accommodate or "No practical limit". This helps the group co-ordinator gain an oversight of how groups are doing.

If you want to learn how to lay out your detailed description, and add links and images, click/tap here.

How to update your group page

Log in to the web site and go to your group page (you can find it in the group list). The system will recognise you as a leader of the group (there can be more than one) and you'll see a blue button like this:

Click/tap it to update your group page.

Keeping track of your group's members

We ask you to keep an up-to-date member list on the web site. That's because:

  • You can easily email all members, or a selection of members, in your group (see next section). We automatically use the latest email address given us by each member so, if they update us, your list will update too.
  • Members of your group can contact each other easily via the web site.
  • Group members will see your group in the 'Your groups', 'Your calendar', 'News from your groups', and 'Articles from your groups' services, as well as electronic calendars and newsfeeds.
  •  Handing over your group to someone else is much easier if you have an up-to-date list - particularly if you become unavailable for any reason.
  • If a member of your group ceases to be a member for any reason, we notify you automatically by email and remove them from your member list. We can't do that if your list doesn't include them. That saves you the embarassment of continuing to email a past member or, worse, a member who has died.
  • As soon as a new HIU3A year starts, your member list shows which members have not yet paid their subscription. You can use this to help the Membership Secretary by reminding your members of overdue payments.
  • Our Groups Co-ordinator gets an oversight of how all our groups are doing, and the health of our u3a.
How to review your group's member list

Log in to the web site and:

  1. Go to your group page (you can find it it the group lists)
  2. Click/tap the 'Membership list and management' link to see your current list of members

If you want to make changes to the list, click/tap 'Manage group membership' or read on for more details...

How to add members to your group and remove them

Click/tap here for detailed step-by-step instructions (with pictures) for adding and removing members.

Note that you do not have to remove retiring members. The site does that automatically for you.

Letting your members know what's happening

You can keep members up-to-date in various ways. Click/tap any of the following to find out more:

Email

You should always send emails to group members through the web site rather than keep a personal list. The web site ensures you:

  • Use the latest address we have for each member.
  • Observe members' preferences for receiving circulation emails.
  • Do not email members who have retired from HIU3A; in particular those who have died.

You can email:

  • Individual group members
  • The whole group
  • Selected group members (you just tick which members will receive your email)

Click/tap here for more information about how to send emails through the site.

News articles

News articles appear in the sidebar on your group page. Depending on what kind of device people use, the sidebar is either displayed on the right or the bottom of the page.

Members of your group can see news items even if they have deleted your emails. Also, news items demonstrate to prospective members that your group is active.

Add a news item

To add a news item to your group page, log in to the web site and:

  1. Go to your group page (you can find it it the group lists)
  2. Click/tap the 'Add a news item or article' link.

You then enter a title for your article and the text for your news. If you want to can show the item only to members who have logged in to the site. Use this option only if your item includes personal information that should not be shown to the public.

Click/tap here for more information about adding and updating news items.

Having created your news item, you can send it as an email - that's an easy way to let everyone in your group know about it.

To avoid the group page looking stale, the site periodically replaces older items with a link that allows viewers to see archived items.

Meetings and other events

Every year, before the start of the HIU3A year begins in April, you will be asked to update your events for the new year. There are two types of event:

  • Recurring events - these all have the same title and description and automatically repeat throughout the year. For example, the 'first Tuesday of each month' or 'Every fortnight'. Most groups' meetings are set up this way. You can exclude specific dates (to avoid Christmas, for example) and add extra ones.
  • One-off events - each event occurs at a given date and time and has its own title and content. These are useful for groups such as Walking which goes to a different destination each time.

Or you can mix the two.

Your events automatically appear on your group page and in our site's calendars.

Click/tap here to find out more about adding and updating events.

Forums

Forums are a good way to conduct discussions within your group outside of meetings. For example, the Cycling group uses a forum to discuss destinations each month.

You can opt for the discussion to be visible to the public or only HIU3A members. In any case, people have to log in to contribute to a disussion.

Contact the web site editor if you'd like to set up a forum for your group.

Personal calendars and newsfeeds

Members can:

You don't have to do anything extra. The web site will automatically include relevant items.

You can also:

  • Send notices to the HIU3A editor for inclusion in our newsletters.
  • Post your group's details on display boards at monthly meetings.
  • Ask our Chair to make announcements at monthly meetings on your behalf.
Saving your group's work

If your group generates material that might interest people in the future, you can add it to your group page as an article. There are three types of article:

  • Featured articles appear at the top of article lists
  • Normal articles appear latest first
  • Archived articles do not appear on group pages but are available via a link to a page that shows all articles.

Ideally, people should be able to read articles without downloading anything. However, they can include links to documents and images. There is a limit to the size of items you can store in our web site. That means you will be unable to upload videos or high definition images. Instead you can link to external web sites such as YouTube or Dropbox. Contact the web site editor if you need help with that.

You have the option to restrict articles to HIU3A members who have logged in to the site, but making articles public might help promote your group and HIU3A as a whole.

Click/tap here for more information about adding and updating articles.

Places to meet

If you need a place to meet, there's a list of venues we use here. You can use links we provide to find out which groups meet at each venue so you can contact relevant group leaders to find out more.

Handling money

All groups need to be self funding. Shared payments towards covering group necessities such as hiring of halls or equipment, sharing travel expenses, refreshments, etc should be mutually agreed by group members. If you expect contributions from members, you should provide details in your group's page (see above) so there are no surprises.

Apart from equipment belonging to HIU3A (see 'Grants for equipment' below) There is no need for your expenses to be audited or declared.

The Visits group has a system for recording its income and expenses which is visible to the HIU3A Treasurer. The group agrees a fixed price to cover all expenses inc. coach, travel, insurance etc, which is presented to and agreed by members when they buy their tickets.

If your group gets full

It's important for the health of HIU3A that we use opportunities to expand what we do. A full group indicates scope to do that. There are no hard and fast rules for what to do if your group fills up. Here are a few options:

Remove 'absent' members

If there are u3a members who have registered their interest in your group and are waiting to join, you should consider asking any current members, who are poor attenders, to leave and make room for them. It's an obvious courtesy to ask them first, but our committee has authorised you to remove a group member who has missed three meetings without giving a reason.

If your group has no 'absent' members

When you get to the maximum number of group members you can handle, use your group page to change your group’s status to 'Closed to new members'. That will automatically show a message on the page explaining the situation and inviting potential new joiners to register their interest in your group. You will be notified by email of any registrations and you can review them via the ‘Show registrations of interest’ link in your group page.

If someone contacts you directly wanting to join when you are full, you can register their interest on their behalf using the ‘Record an interest in this group’ option on the group page.

Split your group

This option is most appropriate if there's an obvious way to split the group. For example, the Ambling group split from the Walking group to support members who could no longer walk as far.

Similarly, a games playing group might split between better and weaker players, or advanced and beginners.

Support a new group

This option is most appropriate if there's significant interest in a new group - or if you suspect there might be.

Key is identifying a leader for the new group who is prepared to set it up. Someone who hasn't led a group before - especially if they are a new HIU3A member - probably finds the prospect daunting. You could help them by mentoring them through the process and, perhaps attending the initial meetings - or maybe a member of your group is prepared to do that.

Another option is for a member of your group to become the leader of the new group - with, or without, the eventual aim of handing leadership over.

Emergency contacts

Members can add their emergency contacts via their profile page. When members log in to the site they can see a link to their profile in the 'Member sevices' menu or at the foot of every page in the site. We also add a link to it from all emails sent via our web site.

Emergency contacts allow you to get in touch with relevant people following an incident. While you can usually contact a spouse or partner via a member's contact number, that might not be useful if:

  • The member lives alone
  • They use a mobile number as their contact number
  • Spouses and partners are involved in the same incident.

To reduce the stress of dealing with an incident, you should make sure your members have entered emergency contacts.

Once a member has stored their emergency contacts they are automatically avaliable to leaders and editors of all groups to which they belong. You should not rely on personal lists as they can quickly become out of date and are not visible to other group leaders.

In an emergency you can also contact one of:

  • The Membership Secretary
  • The Group Co-ordinator
  • The web site editor

All of whom have access to emergency contacts for all HIU3A members. You can get in touch with them via the site's organisation page.

More about profiles

Click/tap here for information about the profile page.

View a member's emergency contacts

Log in to the site and use menu options 'Member services' / 'Member lookup'.

Use the service to find the member in the HIU3A database.

You will then see their details. Even if the member has specified that information should not be visible, group leaders can always see their emergency contacts.

List emergency contacts

Useful if you want to:

  • See who has not yet provided emergency contacts.
  • Take a list with you if you are meeting outside your home.

To see the list use link 'Membership list and management' in your group page and then 'Members' contact details'. You can also use site menu options: 'Member services' / 'Group services' / 'Your group contacts'. If you lead more than one group, you will be asked to select which group you want.

Either way, you will see a list of your members. Click/tap any of them to see their contact details including their emergency contacts; or use the 'Expand all' button to see everyone's contacts.

Personal transport

It's OK for members to offer lifts to other members to attend HIU3A events. Members can accept voluntary contributions, but formal charging is illegal.

Members offering lifts should check their personal insurance, but offering lifts for social purposes is usually covered.

Businessmen's Club minibus

We have had a wonderful offer from the Hayling Island Businessmen’s Club. Its community bus has been a familiar sight on the Island for many years. It is used mainly by senior citizens' groups for transportation to and from their regular weekly meetings and has proved to be invaluable to those Islanders who might otherwise have difficult in leaving their homes.

Whilst the bus is normally booked for most week days there are times when it is not in use and particularly at weekends. The Businessmen’s Club would therefore welcome the opportunity of offering the facility to us for whenever the bus is available. This could be ideal for:

  • The Visits group for future trips where there are limited numbers and the high cost of coach transport is not warranted.
  • Other u3a groups for social or other use. E.g. field visits for the camera or art groups.

The Businessmen’s Club does not provide a driver but a u3a member can drive (see below) or there are other volunteer drivers who may be available.

The Bus: Up to 17 seats including driver. Disabled adaptions and defibrillator are on board.

Driver: Must be between 21 and 70 holding a suitable and clean licence with a D1 licence code. Drivers over 70 can be considered subject to insurer’s approval. A copy licence to be provided to the Club for approval. HIBC will give training on use of the vehicle if required. Drivers are unpaid volunteers, any donation is left to the discretion of the user.

Cost: User responsible for fuel cost. This is not a hire vehicle so no charge but a donation to the charity is always appreciated.

Insurance: Full comprehensive insurance cover is provided. There is a minimum £250 accidental damage excess which is normally borne by the Club. In the event of a “fault” claim a contribution is left to the discretion of the user.

Grants for equipment

You can request a grant for any equipment your group might need. Contact our Groups co-ordinator in the first instance. As a minimum, they will want to know:

  • What you want to purchase
  • How you intend to use it
  • The likely cost
  • Any maintenance costs

Note that purchased equipment is the property of HIU3A, so:

  • It can be used by any group at the HIU3A committee's discretion.
  • You must keep track of where it is.
  • In the first instance, you should consult the Groups co-ordinator about maintenance, repair, disposal and replacement of the equipment.
  • When requested, present the equipment to a member of the HIU3A committee for inspection.
What if there's a problem?

If you run a group from your home, it's prudent to have a simple first aid kit available. Having said that, it's prudent even if you don't lead a group.

If you run an outdoor group, consider also carrying a space blanket which can keep someone warm while waiting for help to arrive.

If an incident should occur during your group sessions (eg. an injury, damage to property, physical assault), you should complete a u3a Trust Incident Form.

Please notify the HIU3A Chair and Group Co-ordinator within 48 hours of the incident, they will provide support and assistance for dealing with it. You should submit your incident form to them as soon as you can.

The latest version of the form at the time of writing is available here as a Word document and a PDF version (printable without needing extra software).

The very latest version is available from the members' area of the u3a Trust web site. It's unlikely to change significantly, however.

u3a insurance documents and incident forms

We've asked for direct, permanent links to the u3a Trust web site, but apparently that's too difficult.

To get to the forms, you have to:

  • Go to the u3a Trust web site
  • Click/tap 'Login' in the header
  • Either login or, if you don't have a u3a Trust username and password, use the 'Don't have an account?' link to register with the site, then login
  • Use menu options: 'Members Area' / 'Support for u3as / 'Advice and Guidance'

That takes you to a page that provides various documents. Insurance documents are in the Insurance section. Incident forms are in the 'u3a Policies and Procedures' section.

Handing over a group

There will be occasions when, for many different reasons, a group's leadership will need to change. The group will need to agree on who they feel will best take over the role.

If you have appointed a deputy, and you are unavailable, they will either oversee the transition, or take over leadership.

It helps if at least one member of the group, besides the leader, knows how to manage aspects of the group that are not obvious. For example:

  • How a book group orders new books from the library
  • How hall bookings are made

The prospective, new group leader should be directed to the 'Guidance for group leaders' page (the page you are reading now) in the Articles section of our site to find out what is involved. They should take further advice from our Group Co-ordinator if necessary, before making their decision to take on leadership of the group.

Implement a change of leadership

As current group leader you can update the leadership of the group yourself.

The new leader must be a group member. If not, you will have to add them to your group. See 'Keeping track of your group's members' above.

To change your group's leader, log into the site and:

  • Go to your group page (you can find it it the group lists)
  • Click/tap the 'Change group details' button
  • In the 'Leadership' section, click/tap the 'Change leader(s)' button
  • Select the new leader(s) and, if appropriate, deselect existing leaders(s)
  • Click/tap 'Update group leader(s)'
  • Click/tap 'Submit your change' to complete your update

If you remove yourself as leader your ability to manage your group's information on the web site is automatically revoked. You might want to consider retaining a leadership role for a while so you can help the new leader.

A change of leadership is a good opportunity to review the group's page. See 'Creating a helpful group page on our web site' above.

If the previous group leader cannot make the change

Our Group Co-ordinator and Web site editor can make changes for any group.

If you have any questions or concerns please contact our Group Co-ordinator who will be happy to help.

Our constitution

Hayling Island u3a, u3a committee

Constitution of the Hayling Island University of the Third Age (U3A), a member of the Third Age Trust as an unincorporated association, formally adopted on 29th March 2006.

As amended

  • 16 September 2010
  • 19 September 2013
  • 17 September 2015
  • 20 September 2018

Click any heading below to see the relevant section...

1 Name

The name of the charity is Hayling Island University of the Third Age hereafter referred to as ‘The HIU3A’.

2 Administration

Subject to the matters set out below, The HIU3A and its property and other assets shall be administered and managed in accordance with this constitution, by the members of The Executive Committee.

3 Charitable purpose

The charitable purpose of The HIU3A is:

  1. The advancement of education and, in particular, the education of older people and those who are retired from full time work, by all means including associated activities conducive to learning and personal development on Hayling Island.
  2. The Charitable purpose of The HIU3A may only be altered with the prior consent of the Charity Commission.
4 Powers

In furtherance of the charitable purpose but not otherwise, The Executive Committee may exercise the following powers to :

  1. raise funds and to invite and receive contributions for The HIU3A by any lawful means provided that in doing so any applicable requirements of the law shall be met.
  2. receive donations, gifts, endowments, sponsorship, grants, legacies and subscriptions from persons desiring to support The HIU3A and its charitable purpose and to hold and apply any funds so acquired for charitable purposes (subject to any restricted funds being applied to the relevant restricted purpose).
  3. buy, take on lease or exchange any property necessary for the achievement of the Objects and to maintain and equip it for use.
  4. sell, lease or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the property of The HIU3A, subject to any consents required by law.
  5. co-operate with other charities, voluntary bodies and statutory authorities.
  6. support any charitable organisations with regard to the pursuit of The HIU3A’s charitable purposes.
  7. appoint and constitute such advisory committees as The Executive Committee may think fit.
  8. organise, promote and participate in conferences, lectures, seminars and courses and educational events.
  9. publish, supply and make available books, pamphlets, reports, leaflets, journals, instructional matter, educational materials and aids of all kinds whether in printed, electronic or any other forms.
  10. associate and collaborate with other U3As and groupings of U3As (such as Regional Associations and networks) and the Third Age Trust in any way.
  11. do all such other lawful things as are appropriate to the pursuit of the charitable purposes and the delivery of benefit to the public in accordance with the charitable purposes.
5 Membership
  1. Membership of The HIU3A shall be open to individuals who are in their Third Age and are interested participating in and furthering the work of ‘The HIU3A’, provided that they agree to abide by this constitution and any conditions properly imposed by The Executive Committee and to pay the annual subscription as determined by The Executive Committee and approved by the membership at an Annual or Special General Meeting. No individual may be admitted to membership of The Executive Committee considers they do not meet these conditions.
  2. Every individual member shall have one vote.
  3. Members are bound by and shall observe any membership conditions and any disciplinary code of The HIU3A.
  4. The Executive Committee may terminate the membership of any individual
    • if annual membership or other fees are unpaid 3 months after the due date
    • by way of expulsion at the end of disciplinary procedure for breach of any membership condition or for breach of any disciplinary code of The HIU3A

    Provided that in the case of proposed expulsion at the end of a disciplinary procedure, the individual concerned shall have the right to be heard by The Executive Committee accompanied by a friend acting in their personal capacity who may also speak, or make written representation before a final decision is made.

  5. Members of other U3A may attend the monthly general meetings of The HIU3A without entry fee, on presentation of a current membership card.
  6. A member of another U3A seeking to join an Interest Group shall be invited to become an Associate member of The HIU3A on payment of a subscription at a rate to be determined from time to time by The Executive Committee. An associate member:
    • shall have voting rights at an Annual or Special General Meeting
    • shall rank equally with The HIU3A Members for access to groups, e.g. placement on a waiting list; or in the formulation of groups
    • as a member of a group shall receive the same benefits and accept the same responsibilities as members of The HIU3A e.g. with regard to financial contributions: and shall observe the provisions of The HIU3A constitution
    • may at any time transfer to full membership of The HIU3A on payment of an appropriate subscription
6 Honorary President

A retiring Chairman shall become Honorary President of The HIU3A. Any current President shall become a Honorary Past President.

  1. The President shall be an ex-officio member of The Executive Committee.
  2. A Past President may by invitation of The Executive Committee continue as a member of The Executive Committee but shall not have voting rights.
  3. An Honorary President, or Honorary Past President shall not be deemed a Charity Trustee.
  4. The Honorary President, and or a Honorary Past President as agreed between them shall have the responsibility for ensuring that no Committee member is disbarred or disqualified under Charities legislation from acting as a Trustee of The HIU3A Charity
7 The Executive Committee

The management of The HIU3A shall be vested in The Executive Committee, which shall be the governing body of The HIU3A and its Board of Trustees for the purposes of Charity law. The Executive Committee shall be responsible for the strategy and policies of The HIU3A, may exercise all the powers of The HIU3A and shall deal with the administration, management and control of the affairs and the property of The HIU3A.

  1. Officers and Committee Members. At the Annual General Meeting of The U3A the members shall elect from among themselves the following listed officers:
    • Chairman
    • Vice Chairman
    • Secretary
    • Treasurer

    And the listed Committee posts:

    • Membership Secretary
    • Group Co-ordinator
    • Publicity Officer
    • Newsletter Editor
    • Speakers Organiser
    • Resources, Equipment and Procurement Officer
    • Networking [Relations with other U3As]

    All of whom shall hold office from the conclusion of the AGM at which they are elected.
    In addition a web-site manager shall be appointed who will report to the Chairman. The post-holder will not be a member of The Executive Committee and shall have no voting rights but might from time to time be invited to The Executive Committee when detailed matters relating to the web-site are being discussed.
    No person may be proposed for appointment or serve as an Officer or a non-officer member of The Executive Committee if they are currently serving as an Officer or non-Officer member of The Executive Committee of any other U3A.

  2. There shall be a quorum when at least five members of The Executive Committee, including one Officer, are present at the meeting.
  3. The Executive Committee may in addition appoint not more than 2 co-opted members at any one time for such periods as it deems necessary and confer voting rights as it deems appropriate.
  4. Persons who are not members of The HIU3A may be invited by The Executive Committee to serve for such period as appropriate because of their special expertise. They shall have no voting rights.
  5. Vacancies on The Executive Committee which arise through resignation or termination during the year can be filled by The Executive Committee from the membership and such an appointee shall complete the term of service of the member he or she is replacing and shall be eligible for re-election in the prescribed manner at the next appropriate Annual General Meeting.
8 Defects in appointments

The proceedings of The Executive Committee shall not be invalidated by any vacancy among their number or by any failure to appoint or any defect in the appointment, election or co-option of a member.

9 Cessation of Executive Committee members

A member of The Executive Committee shall cease to hold office if he or she:

  1. is disqualified from acting as a member of The Executive Committee by virtue of Charity Law.
  2. becomes incapable by reason of mental disorder, illness or injury of managing and administering his or her own affairs.
  3. is absent without the permission of The Executive Committee from 3 consecutive meetings and The Executive Committee resolve that his or her office be vacated.
  4. is removed by resolution of The Executive Committee for significant misconduct under the Trustee Code of Conduct, which may only be passed after the completion of the disciplinary procedure set out in that code.
  5. notifies in writing to The Executive Committee a wish to resign (but only if at least five members of The Executive Committee will remain in office when the notice of resignation is to take effect which shall be at least 21 days from the receipt of the notification).
  6. ceases to be a member of The HIU3A
  7. becomes an Officer or non-Officer member of The Executive Committee of another U3A.
10 Election of members of the Executive Committee
  1. The election of members of The Executive Committee shall be held at the Annual General Meeting of The HIU3A.
  2. The newly elected Executive Committee shall take office at the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting.
  3. Officers and Members shall serve for a period of two years. Retiring Officers and Members may stand for re-election.
  4. To provide for management continuity:
    • The Chairman, Secretary, Group Co-ordinator, Speakers Secretary and Newsletter Editor shall be elected in even numbered years
    • The Vice-Chair, Treasurer, Membership Secretary, Communications Secretary and Resources and Procurement Officer shall be elected in odd numbered years
  5.  In the event that a vacancy occurs during the two year period of Office, The Executive Committee shall appoint a replacement who shall serve until the next election scheduled for the post.
  6. Nominations for Officers posts and for membership of The Executive Committee, together with the names of the Proposer and Seconder shall be made in writing to the Secretary 14 days before the AGM. In the absence of written nominations, the Officer responsible for the conduct of the election shall invite nominations from the assembled members at the AGM. In the event of an election, two tellers shall be appointed from among The Executive Committee, the two longest serving Executive Committee members present, not standing for election, shall act. Election shall be by secret ballot on previously prepared papers on the basis of a simple majority.
  7. In the absence of written nominations and nominations from the floor at the AGM, The Executive Committee shall meet within seven days to appoint post-holders from among the membership. A simple majority among committee members present and voting shall suffice. In the event of a tied vote the senior officer present shall have a casting vote.
  8. For the purpose of determining who shall conduct elections at the AGM or Chair an Executive Committee meeting the order of seniority shall be, Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer, or in the absence of all four, the longest serving Executive Committee member present. It follows that no person standing for election at the AGM shall conduct the election proceedings.
11 Meetings and proceedings of the Executive Committee
  1. The Executive Committee shall hold at least 4 ordinary meetings each year.
  2. Additional meetings may be called at any time by Secretary on behalf of the Chairman or by any two members of The Executive Committee upon not less than seven days’ notice being given to other members of The Executive Committee of the matters to be discussed, unless it concerns the appointment of a co-opted member, in which case not less than twenty one days notice must be given.
  3. The Chairman shall chair the meetings and in his or her absence the Vice-Chairman shall take over or if there is no Vice-Chairman present The Executive Committee shall choose one of their number to be Chairman before business is transacted.
  4. Every decision shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members of The Executive Committee present and voting on the question but in the case of equality of votes the Chairman of the meeting shall have a casting vote in addition to his or her own vote.
  5. The Executive Committee shall ensure that minutes are taken of all its meetings and those of any sub-committees and are available for inspection should a member request it. Minutes of all meetings shall be retained by the Secretary permanently.
  6. The Executive Committee may from time to time make and alter rules for the conduct of its business, the summoning and conduct of its meetings and the custody of its documents. (including but not limited to the use of electronic communications). No rule may be made which is inconsistent with this constitution.
  7. The Executive Committee may appoint sub-committees, including at least one member of The Executive Committee for the purpose of performing any function or duty which in the opinion of The Executive Committee would be more conveniently undertaken or carried out by a sub-committees , provided that all acts and proceedings of any sub-committees shall be fully and promptly reported to The Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall authorize the terms of reference of sub-committees and may alter them from time to time. Sub-committees may make proposals to The Executive Committee but may not make decisions and they shall not have any expenditure authority.
  8. No Executive Committee member shall be chargeable or responsible for loss caused by any act done or omitted to be done by him/her or by any other Executive Committee member or by reason of any mistake or omission made in good faith by any Executive Committee member or by reason of any other matter other than willful and individual fraud or wrongdoing or actions knowingly beyond the scope of a specific authority or limit thereon on the part of The Executive Committee member in question.
12 Finance
  1. The financial year of The HIU3A shall end on such date as The Executive Committee shall decide, provide always that the financial year must be in accordance with applicable charity law requirements and the annual accounts and trustees’ report must be submitted to the Charity Commission (if required by law) within relevant statutory time limits.
  2. The funds of The HIU3A shall be paid into such accounts as The Executive Committee may open in the name of The HIU3A. All transactions on such accounts shall be carried out in accordance with the terms of that account as agreed with the account provider and approved and accepted by The Executive Committee from time to time. Only members of The Executive Committee, authorised by The Executive Committee to do so, may arrange and authorise any transaction on any of The HIU3A’s accounts and dual authorisation shall normally be required for all transactions.
  3. The Executive Committee shall determine the financial controls and procedures to be followed by The HIU3A, including but not limited to, controls and procedures in relation to accounts and transactions on them, and those shall be observed at all times.
  4. The funds belonging to The HIU3A shall be applied only in furthering the charitable purposes.
  5. No funds shall be transferred in any way to Executive Committee members, provided that nothing herein shall prevent the payment in good faith of reasonable and proper out of pocket expenses incurred by a member of The Executive Committee in the discharge of his duties for The HIU3A.
  6. All proper costs, charges and expenses incidental to the management of The HIU3A and membership subscriptions in respect of the Third Age Trust may be defrayed from the funds of The HIU3A.
13 Property
  1. All property of and held on behalf of The HIU3A shall be applied in accordance with charity law.
  2. Title to any property shall be held on behalf of The HIU3A in such manner as The Executive Committee thinks fit from time to time and in ways permitted by Charity law.
14 Accounts

The Executive Committee shall comply with its obligations under charity law and observe applicable time limits in the case of obligations to file items with the Charity Commission, with regard to:

  1. the keeping of accounting records for The HIU3A;
  2. the preparation of annual statements of account and a Trustees’ report for The HIU3A;
  3. the audit or independent examination of the statements of account of The HIU3A (if required by law);
  4. the making of a charity annual report to the Charity Commission; and
  5. the transmission of the statement of accounts and trustees’ report of The HIU3A to the Charity Commission.
15 Annual General Meeting
  1. There shall be an Annual General Meeting of The HIU3A which shall be held in the month of September in each year or as soon as practicable thereafter but not later than 15 months after the preceding Annual General Meeting.
  2. Every Annual General Meeting shall be called by The Executive Committee. The Secretary shall give at least 21 days’ notice of the Annual General Meeting to all the members of The HIU3A. The notice shall, specify that the meeting is the Annual General Meeting and shall set out the business of the meeting, including resolutions to be proposed and shall provide information about proposals for the election of Officers and non-Officer members of The Executive Committee to be made at the meeting. All the members of The HIU3A shall be entitled to attend and vote at the meeting.
  3. The Executive Committee shall present to each Annual General Meeting the trustees’ report and annual accounts of The HIU3A for the preceding year.
  4. The Executive Committee shall seek approval for the appointment of any independent examiner or auditor for the accounts from the membership at the Annual General Meeting, if permitted or required to do so by Charity law.
  5. Any proposals to amend the constitution subject to clause 19 shall be considered at the Annual General Meeting and any other business published in the agenda.
  6. Accidental omission to give notice to any member shall not invalidate the proceedings of the General Meeting.
16 Special General Meetings

The Executive Committee may call a Special General Meeting of The HIU3A at any time and if at least 20% of the members request such a meeting in writing stating the business to be considered, the Secretary shall call such a meeting.

  1. At least 21 days notice shall be given.
  2. There shall be a quorum when 20% of the members are present.
  3. Accidental omission to give notice to any member shall not invalidate the proceedings.
17 Procedure at general meetings
  1. Notices of meetings, documents and other communications from The HIU3A to a member may be sent by electronic communication provided The HIU3A wishes to do so and the relevant member wished to receive them in this way and provides an appropriate electronic address to The HIU3A. It is the responsibility of that member to notify The HIU3A of any change in that address and to comply with any security and other procedures determined by The Executive Committee for such communications. A member may decide to return to hard copy communications at any time.
  2. Accidental omission to give notice to any member shall not invalidate the proceedings.
  3. The Secretary or other person specially appointed by The Executive Committee shall keep a full record of proceedings at every General Meeting of The HIU3A.
  4. There shall be a quorum when at least 20% of the number of members of The HIU3A, are present at any General Meeting.
  5. If within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting if convened at the request of the members shall be dissolved. In any other case it shall be adjourned to a suitable day and time as The Executive Committee may direct provided 21 day’s notice is given to all members. If at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour of the time appointed for the meeting, the members present shall be a quorum.
  6. The Chairman of The HIU3A shall be the Chairman of the General Meeting at which he/she is present. In the absence of the entitled Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall take over or if there is no Vice-Chairman present The Executive Committee shall choose one of their number to be Chairman before business is transacted
  7. If there is a tied vote the Chairman of the meeting shall have a single casting vote.
18 Groups

The Executive Committee shall authorize the formation of interest and activity groups and the appointment of Group Leaders as sought by members of the Hayling Island University of the Third Age in so far as the interests and activities fall within the charitable purpose of The HIU3A.

The Executive Committee shall publish “Guidance to Group Leaders” for the proper governance of group activities.

19 Alterations to the constitution
  1. Subject to the following provisions of this clause, the Constitution may be altered in any way by a resolution passed by not less than two thirds of the members present and voting at a General Meeting. The notice of the General Meeting must include notice of the resolution, setting out the terms of the alteration proposed.
  2. The prior consent of the Third Age Trust must be requested for any proposed alterations to The HIU3A’s constitution. The HIU3A may proceed with the proposed changes:
    • At any time after consent has been received from the Third Age Trust
    • When four weeks have passed since the consent request was delivered and the Third Age Trust has not notified The HIU3A of any objection to the proposals.
  3.  If The HIU3A is a registered charity, no amendment may be made to Clause 3 –the charitable purpose without the prior consent in writing of the Charity Commission.
  4. No amendment may be made which would have the effect of making the Charity cease to be a charity at law.

The Executive Committee shall ensure a copy of any amendment made under this clause is promptly sent to the Charity Commission if The HIU3A is registered.

20 Dissolution
  1. If The Executive Committee decides that it is necessary or advisable to dissolve The HIU3A it shall call a Special General Meeting of all members of The HIU3A, of which not less than 21 days’ notice (stating the terms of the resolution to be proposed) shall be given. If the proposal is confirmed by a two third majority of those present and voting The Executive Committee shall have power to realise any assets held by or on behalf of the Charity. Any assets remaining after the satisfaction of any proper debts and liabilities shall be given or transferred to
    • Any one or more local U3A which are charities and have charitable purposes similar to those of The HIU3A as determined by members of The HIU3A or
    • to the Third Age Trust Registered Charity No. 288007.
  2. A copy of the statement of accounts or account and statement, for the final accounting period of The HIU3A must be sent to the Charity Commission.

Click here to download a printable version of the above.

Road access to Hayling in the 18th and 19th centuries

Local history 1, Local history 2, Local history 3, Local history 4

compiled by Sue Humphrey from a variety of sources

At the beginning of the 18th century Hayling, according to Butler’s Hundred of Bosmere, was a backward little place; “its farmhouses were old and cold; wages averaged eighteen shillings a month (including perks). The hours of work were, in summer 6am – 5pm, at harvest from dawn to dusk, and in winter from morn till night”. There was little or no contact with the mainland.

What was needed was a reasonable network of roads to service the Island but this was not to happen until the health-giving properties of seawater and ozone were “discovered” in the mid 18th century! Almost overnight, small fishing villages all over the country were transformed into “seaside spas”. Brighton was the largest on the south coast. Hayling attracted the attention of promoters in the early 19th century when a small group led by Sir Richard Hotham planned to convert the island into a resort which would rival all others on the south coast. Before any building could begin, the systems of communication on the Island had to be improved, particularly the roads.

The roads of Hayling had gradually evolved from old cart tracks and were subsequently very winding with numerous bends incorporated into them. Some improvements had been made by the early 19th century but there was nothing so sophisticated as tarmacadam! Neither was there any bridge across to the mainland. How then did islanders use road travel to reach the mainland? In the first place they could walk and many did! You could hire a horse – expensive but practical when one needed to travel long distances, as there were stables and blacksmiths in almost every village in those days. Then there were horse-drawn vehicles of many sorts. Travel from Hayling was limited by the fact that the Wadeway was the only link with the mainland and this limited the size of vehicle using it and also time of travel was limited by the state of the tides.

In the year 1823 an Act of Parliament was passed authorising the building of a bridge across Langstone Harbour and fixing the rate of tolls which could be charged for using it. The bridge was built in double quick time and it was opened in 1824. From that time, access to the Island was assured – especially the possibility of using coaches. The tollkeeper of the first Hayling bridge used to say that it was the loss of two horses by drowning when crossing the Wadeway which gave the final impetus to the proposal to build the bridge. When the preamble to the Act was published however, there was not a word about horses nor the expectations entertained by the promoters of profitable developments to follow the building of a bridge. The preamble reads as follows:

“Whereas for the space of 12 hours out of every 24 there is no direct communication between the mainland and Hayling Island in the County of Southampton (except by boat) owing to the Passage commonly known as the Wadeway, which runs in a very uneven, unequal and circuitous manner from Langstone in the Parish of Havant across Langstone Harbour to Hayling Island aforesaid, being overflowed by the Sea; and whereas, from violence of the winds and sea, the passage, called the Wadeway is frequently covered by the tide the whole twenty four hours together and boats are often totally prevented from crossing the said Harbour, by reason whereof any communication between the mainland and Hayling Island becomes impracticable and great Inconvenience, Difficulty and Loss are thereby occasioned and the lives of his Majesty’s subjects are much endangered”

The Act of 1823 also prohibited any conveyance for hire or reward, by land or sea, within 1000 yards of the bridge; thus putting out of business any commercial cross-channel service not merely to Langstone but to Pook Lane and Bedhampton Quays as well. This ban was greatly resented by Hayling inhabitants who now had to pay a toll in place of their former free passage across the Wadeway!

Once in Havant, travellers could catch coaches to Portsmouth, Brighton, Southampton or London. If a traveller could get to the Bear in Havant by 7.30am he might find room in the Independent Coach, which ran once daily to London. One coach service known as the Queen Coach, was the first to include a stop at Hayling. The Queen Coach could be boarded at the Royal Hotel at 9am every morning except Sundays. It proceeded via Havant, Bedhampton, Cosham and terminated at the Fountain Hotel, Portsmouth. From here, one could either spend the day in Portsmouth, returning to Hayling in the late afternoon, or take a coach to London – the final terminal being the White Bear Inn in Piccadilly. The coach fare from Hayling to London was 24 shillings for an outside seat or 14 shillings for the hardier who could travel outside the coach.

Coaches reflected the traditions and occupations of the region through which they ran. On the Portsmouth road you could choose between “Hero” and “True Blue” or between “Nelson” and “Trafalgar”. Other coach names I have been able to find were “Regulator”, “Rocket”, “Telegraph”, “Defiance” and “Brittania”.

Hayling did not develop into a coastal resort even though transport links were improved. It did, however, over the next century, develop as a holiday resort.

Pubs in Portsmouth

Local history 1, Local history 2, Local history 3, Local history 4

compiled by Sue Payne (Local History Group 3)

Portsmouth has had a reputation in the past of having more pubs to the square acre than any other place in the country, closely followed by Gosport. The reason of course for this is the presence of the Royal Navy. In 1864 Portsmouth had 277 public houses and 545 beerhouses. This meant there was one drinking establishment for every one hundred residents.

Drinking establishments in earlier times could be placed in three categories. At the top of the scale were the old established coaching inns in which surroundings were usually more palatial and comfortable; the George Inn in the High Street and the Star and Garter in Broad Street being two examples. Next on the list were the better known alehouses and taverns that maintained fairly reasonable standards and service. Thirdly, the poor relations, beerhouses. They could vary considerably, some of them being worthy of development into fully fledged public houses in later years, others were little more than dwelling houses in which the front parlour had been converted into some resemblance of a bar and the concoction that passed as beer was brewed in the yard at the rear of the house. Beerhouses were introduced in 1830, the authorities being under the impression that drinking beer was healthier than the evils of gin and spirits. On the other hand drinking beer or spirits was probably healthier than the water supply at the time. Throughout their history, drinking establishments have adapted to changing social conditions. The splitting up of the bar counter occurred during the industrial era when tradesmen and managers took exception to drinking in the same room as their workers and were quite happy to pay an extra halfpenny on a pint for the privilege of drinking with those of their own class. This brought about the introduction of the saloon bars, private bars, public bars, ladies wine bars and that select inner sanctum known as the snug. Each class appeared to have their own preference for which game they should play. Working men usually went for dominoes or cribbage but their bosses had bagatelle boards in their parlour and sometimes a skittle alley.

It was a common sight to see drunks on the street in the 18th and early 19th centuries, however Temperance campaigners were particularly active in trying to improve the situation. People drank to forget their depressing and appalling living conditions. Drinking dens provided a means of escape for a few short hours and although many beerhouses could not be called places of grandeur, they provided a conviviality that could not be found at home. Authorities did their best to reduce drunkenness by embarking on a programme to cut the excessive number of drinking outlets and the Church was only too happy to support this. As early as 1825 several alehouses were fined £5 each for allowing drinking in their houses during the hours of Divine Service on Sunday. The Town Council, on August 11th 1866, decided to adopt the Public House Act of 1864 requiring the closure of public houses between 1 o’clock and 4 o’clock in the morning. Eight years later this was changed to 11pm instead of 1am. In the 18th century the coaching inns flourished but by the mid 19th century this had changed due to the railways. However in Portsmouth the railway brought passengers for the seaside at Southsea and to use the harbour, so the inns and hotels still enjoyed good trade.

By 1915 Portsmouth had 305 alehouses and 372 beerhouses but the population had increased considerably to support this trade. During the Second World War many pubs and streets were bombed reducing numbers considerably. Portsmouth has lost hundreds in the last century, many have been converted. These may be identified by glazed tiling on the frontage or half timber decoration to upper floors. Today there are less than 150 pubs in Portsmouth and only 8 in Old Portsmouth.

Sources:

  • “Pubs of Portsmouth” by Ron Brown
  • Portsmouth Local History – Stephen Pomeroy
  • History in Portsmouth 1860 project

"The bravest of the brave"

Local history 1, Local history 2, Local history 3, Local history 4

compiled by Sue Humphrey (Local History Group 1)

Whilst browsing through my copy of “The King Holds Hayling” the other day, I came across a snippet of information about a former resident of Hayling, Admiral Sir James Startin, KCB, AM, JP. This prompted me to find out more about him. The passage which particularly impressed me was the following:

“One wild September night in 1908 the lifeboat was about to be launched when Coxswain C.H. Cole found that he was a man short and called for a volunteer. The Admiral, who had rushed down to the beach in pyjamas and a mackintosh, jumped in and took an oar.”

I now reproduce a full account of the incident, which I found posted on the Hayling Forum, though I do not have the original source. (It probably comes from Hayling Lifeboat Records as Admiral Startin served on the Hayling Lifeboat Committee. It is entitled “Prompt reply to signals of distress. Admiral on board.”)

“On the 13th October 1910 the “Charlie and Adrian” was launched at 10.20 at night, together with the Southsea, Bembridge, Littlehampton and Selsey lifeboats, when distress signals were reported off the Nab Lightship. The weather was rough with a northeasterly gale blowing, causing a heavy sea. Coxswain Miller was ill, so the Second coxswain Charlie Cole was in charge of the lifeboat. As the lifeboat was being pulled out of the boathouse, Admiral Sir James Startin arrived. He had not long vacated his command of the Home Fleet, and this trip out in the lifeboat this time would be under rather different circumstances. He jumped into the boat and informed Charlie Cole that he wished to be included in the crew. The Coxswain had received instructions after the last time the Admiral had been out on a service, that it was not considered advisable that he should form one of the crew and that a younger man was to be taken. Charlie Cole explained to the Admiral that he had his crew, and that the Institution never allowed supernumerary members on service. Reluctantly Admiral Startin left the boat, which was pulled down to the waters edge, and into the surf that was thundering on the shore. No one thought any more about the Admiral; but not to be outdone, he had gone down into the sea, scantily dressed as he was, and waited until the boat was being launched from her carriage, and at a psychological moment, mounted one of the wheels and jumped into the boat just as she was afloat, every crewman at the time being employed at his respective duty. The lifeboat had a good launch, and the crew being soaked to the skin, as she entered the water in the teeth of the gale which was blowing. Once the Admiral was discovered there was nothing more to be done than to accommodate him, as to turn the boat back would have entailed great delay. Charlie and his crew made for the Nab, which was reached at midnight where the crew were informed that they were repeating signals that had been fired by the Owers lightship asking for assistance.

Feeling that it would be impossible to reach the Owers Lightship before daylight, and knowing that the Selsey lifeboat had been launched, the “Charlie and Adrian” was turned round to return to the shore, but when about a mile from the boathouse the Nab was seen firing rockets again. The boat was put about, and the Nab was visited a second time. This time they were informed that a steamer was requiring assistance, being driven before the wind about ten miles south-west of the Nab. Knowing that it would be impossible to overtake the vessel, Charlie Cole again turned the lifeboat for home returning at 6:00 in the morning having found no vessel. For all this time Admiral Startin only had on his pyjamas and slippers, except for an oilskin that one of the crew had given him. The steamer turned out to be the Naval oil fuel ship “Isla”. She had lost her propeller when off the Nab and signalled for assistance. She was blown before the gale round the back of the Isle of Wight until off the Needles and was met by a tug from Portsmouth Dockyard and towed to safety.”

Admiral Startin and his wife, Alice, lived at Wyndlawn, Hayling Island. The house no longer exists, but from information gleaned from various items posted on the Hayling Forum I feel that it is almost certain that it was located on the south side of Hollow Lane close to where the entrance to Mark Anthony Court is today. It was damaged by bombing in World War 2, and was finally demolished in 1960/61. Wyndlawn, whilst Admiral and Lady Startin lived there, gradually earned the name of “The Fort”. F.G.S. Thomas states: “By the gateposts stood two awe-inspiring 13.5 inch shells, and mounted outside the kitchen was a German 4 inch submarine gun presented to him by the Admiralty in recognition of his successful submarine hunting in the Great War. Other trophies included relics of the Zulu and Benin wars, boarding pikes and a German mine!”

In this grand residence Admiral and Lady Startin raised their four children, three boys and a girl. Their eldest son was killed at Gallipoli. They bought Wyndlawn in 1907 and according to FGS Thomas, they soon became two of the most popular personalities on the Island, immediately becoming involved in all sorts of local affairs. He was made a JP and Assistant Commissioner of Sea Scouts for Hampshire. He founded the Hayling Men’s Brotherhood and was a great friend of the Vicar, the Reverend Charles Clark, and a Church Warden at St. Mary’s. She was equally active in Island affairs until her death in 1923. She was buried in the Churchyard at St. Mary’s. Despite the fact that he lived in Shropshire for much of the time after his second marriage, Admiral Startin always kept his affection for Hayling and it was at his old home, then occupied by his second son, that he died in 1948 at the grand old age of 93. He was buried alongside Alice in the family grave under a yew tree in St. Mary’s Churchyard. The Times headed his obituary notice “The Bravest of the Brave” and this is engraved at the base of the memorial cross above the family grave.

I would like to acknowledge the information in this article, which I gleaned from the Hayling Forum Website and also the information contained, in F.G.S. Thomas’s seminal work “The King Holds Hayling”, Sue.